{"id":2844,"date":"2021-03-25T11:12:43","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T04:12:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/onggiothaibinh.com.vn\/?post_type=product&p=2844"},"modified":"2021-03-25T11:12:43","modified_gmt":"2021-03-25T04:12:43","slug":"xu-ly-khi-thai-lo-hoi","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"http:\/\/onggiothaibinh.com.vn\/en\/shop\/xu-ly-khi-thai-lo-hoi\/","title":{"rendered":"X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u00f2 h\u01a1i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 qua dung m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc cao c\u1ea5p. L\u00f2 h\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau Hi\u1ec7n nay trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ec3u th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho l\u00f2 h\u01a1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 2 lo\u1ea1i: than \u0111\u00e1, d\u1ea7u FO.<\/p>\n

X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng sinh h\u01a1i b\u1edfi trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu Oxy s\u1ebd sinh kh\u00ed CO<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i<\/h2>\n

L\u00f2 h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1t than \u0111\u00e1<\/h3>\n

Kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1t than ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu mang theo b\u1ee5i, CO2, CO, SO2, SO3, NO2 do th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong than k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi O2 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee5i trong kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ecdc ghi v\u00e0 th\u00eam than v\u00e0o l\u00f2.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh trong than = 0,5% n\u00ean kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 SO2 v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 1.333 mg\/m3. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i than. B\u1ee5i trong kh\u00f3i th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t r\u1eafn c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb v\u00e0i micromet t\u1edbi v\u00e0i tr\u0103m micromet.<\/p>\n

L\u00f2 h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1t d\u1ea7u FO<\/h3>\n

L\u00f2 h\u01a1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1ea7u FO \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t sinh nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay. D\u1ea7u FO l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a HC cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. D\u1ea7u FO d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh nhi\u1ec7t cao. \u0110\u1ed9 tro \u00edt n\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00f2 h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1t d\u1ea7u FO \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 kinh t\u1ebf. Khi \u0111\u1ed1t d\u1ea7u FO trong l\u00f2 h\u01a1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta phun d\u1ea7u qua c\u00e1c v\u00f2i phun \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (b\u00e9c phun) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea7u trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111i v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t s\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea7u s\u1ebd bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c CH nh\u1eb9, d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft trong bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2. Khi h\u1ea1t d\u1ea7u phun qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn hay bu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9a qu\u00e1 ngu\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t s\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea7u bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 mu\u1ed9i \u0111en trong kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Trong kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1t d\u1ea7u FO ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: CO2, CO, N\u00d5, SO2, SO3 v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n\u00a0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf tro v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t tro r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u ch\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng\u00a0 sol kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed3 h\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1t d\u1ea7u FO<\/caption>\n
Ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/td>\nN\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 (mg\/m3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SO2 v\u00e0 SO3<\/td>\n5217 – 7000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CO<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tro b\u1ee5i<\/td>\n280<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H\u01a1i d\u1ea7u<\/td>\n0,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NOx<\/td>\n428<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00ed SO2<\/h3>\n

Kh\u00ed SO2 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (S) nh\u01b0 than,\u2026hay nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1t qu\u1eb7ng Pirit s\u1eaft (FeS2), \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh,\u2026trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t axit Sunfuric (H2SO4).<\/p>\n

Trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, SO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ed1t than, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun. SO2 l\u00e0 kh\u00ed trung gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t axit Sunfuric.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed SO2, SO3 g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 SOx l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit Sunfuric s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SO2 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed do kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u00edch th\u00edch, \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y co gi\u1eadt c\u01a1 tr\u01a1n c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n. \u1ede n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd g\u00e2y t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft d\u1ecbch ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n. Kh\u00ed ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh axit. SOx c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 quan ti\u00eau h\u00f3a sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed NO2<\/h3>\n

NO2 l\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 m\u00f9i g\u1eaft v\u00e0 cay, m\u00f9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 0.12 ppm. NO2 l\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. N\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u00f4 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i, l\u00e0m ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u0169i, vi\u00eam h\u1ecdng Khi NO2 v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 100ppm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 t\u1eed vong cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt sau \u00edt ph\u00fat. V\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 5ppm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u v\u1edbi NO2 kho\u1ea3ng 0.06 ppm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u0169ng b\u1ecb t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i b\u1edfi NO2 khi \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 1 ppm. NO2 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed3 h\u00f3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i<\/h3>\n

Trong ph\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ee5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5i, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u00e1c\u00a0 b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. N\u00f3i chung b\u1ee5i tro v\u00e0 m\u1ed3 h\u00f3ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh hen suy\u1ec5n, vi\u00eam cu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5i, b\u1ec7nh kh\u00ed th\u1ee7ng, b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam c\u01a1 ph\u1ed5i. B\u1ee5i kh\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c HC \u0111a v\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ee5i g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m do h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sol kh\u00ed, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Lo\u1ea1i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong, ch\u00fang g\u00e2y t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2019,\u00a0h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\u00a0t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nguy hi\u1ec3m g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed CO<\/h3>\n

Kh\u00ed CO l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecb, t\u1ea1o ra do s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a C. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi CO r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang thai v\u00e0 \u0111au tim ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi CO s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00ec \u00e1i l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a CO v\u1edbi hemoglobin cao h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p 200 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi oxy, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf oxy t\u1eeb m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 mang c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 minh h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 tim y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u01b0 CO trong m\u00e1u. \u1ede n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 5ppm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 10-250 ppm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tim m\u1ea1ch th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n

S\u01a0 \u0110\u1ed2 C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG X\u1eec L\u00dd KH\u00cd TH\u1ea2I L\u00d2 H\u01a0I<\/h2>\n

\"s\u01a1<\/p>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i<\/h2>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thuy\u1ebft minh d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i:<\/h3>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh trong vi\u1ec7c X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n thu gom kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i, Kh\u00f3i b\u1ee5i sinh ra trong l\u00f2 h\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n li\u00ean quan s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1ed3i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee5p h\u00fat b\u1ee5i. Kh\u00f3i b\u1ee5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ee5i b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i. Kh\u00ed \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 01 qu\u1ea1t h\u00fat v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea3i ra ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ed9t B QCVN 19 : 2009\/ BTNMT v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thuy\u1ebft minh d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i:<\/h3>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda t\u1eeb th\u00e1p r\u1eeda ch\u1ee9a c\u1eb7n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn v\u00e0o ng\u0103n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0o nh\u1eb1m t\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1eb7n, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ra kh\u1ecfi d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec pH trong dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 trong kho\u1ea3ng 8 \u2013 10, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m th\u00e1p, n\u01b0\u1edbc sau khi qua b\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn v\u00e0o\u00a0b\u1ec3 l\u1eafng lamella\u00a0c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng l\u1eafng Lamen nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafng tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, c\u1eb7n l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y b\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 th\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ra ngo\u00e0i. Ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i th\u00e1p r\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 th\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0u \u00fd khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i:<\/h3>\n

+ Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c van \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1edf t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00fat kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

+ C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u0111a chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

+ C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea1t, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c ch\u1ee5p h\u00fat v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng thu kh\u00ed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n sao cho thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra<\/p>\n

+ Do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i s\u1ebd l\u1edbn, n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quay l\u1ea1i quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

+ L\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1eb7n sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 trinh x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0M\u00e1y \u00e9p b\u00f9n khung b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u00e9p th\u00e0nh b\u00e1nh mang th\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nguy h\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

>>> Xem th\u00eam s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u00a0m\u00e1y \u00e9p b\u00f9n khung b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb\u00a0ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i<\/h4>\n

M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i \u2013 CCEP:<\/h3>\n

\"S\u01a1<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh III.2. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i – CCEP<\/p>\n

+ Kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p, n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hai t\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i trong th\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1:<\/h4>\n

X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e0n phun m\u01b0a \u2013 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 b\u1edfi gi\u00e0n phun m\u01b0a (t\u1ea7ng x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t). Trong t\u1ea7ng 1 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed d\u00e0n B\u00e9p phun chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u00e1p, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phun v\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi do c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a B\u00e9p phun chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp m\u00f9 trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng gian b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e1p t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1i b\u1ee5i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. \u0110a ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2:<\/h4>\n

X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u2013 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i sau giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee5i \u0111i qua l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 trung h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau:<\/p>\n

NaOH + CO2 --> NaCO3 + H2O\u00a0 2NaOH + SO2 --> Na2SO3 + H2O<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3:<\/h4>\n

Q\u00faa tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00e1ch 2 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4:<\/h4>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf do qu\u1ea1t h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u1edbp t\u00e1ch m\u00f9 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed trong \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00e1p. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i,<\/p>\n

+ \u1ede c\u1ea3 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/h3>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, h\u01a1i kim lo\u1ea1i, CO, \u2026 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, cu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e1p h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 l\u1eafng Lamen.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u01a1i HF t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ion M2+ c\u00f3 trong h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: M2+ + HF = MF2 + H+ Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n MF2 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, cu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 l\u1eafng Lamen v\u00e0 l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y b\u1ec3 l\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

+ Kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00e1p, tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i qua \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i b\u1edfi 1 qu\u1ea1t h\u00fat kh\u00ed. Kh\u00ed sau x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ed9t B QCVN 19:2009\/BTNMT v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

+ Dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 sau th\u00e1p ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 l\u1eafng, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y b\u1ec3 l\u1eafng. Ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i th\u00e1p h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. \u0110\u1ebfn 1 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i – C\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":2845,"template":"","meta":[],"product_cat":[186],"product_tag":[],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-2844","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","product_cat-he-thong-xu-ly-khi-thai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/onggiothaibinh.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/2844","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/onggiothaibinh.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/onggiothaibinh.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/onggiothaibinh.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2845"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/onggiothaibinh.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2844"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/onggiothaibinh.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=2844"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/onggiothaibinh.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=2844"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/onggiothaibinh.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=2844"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}